Hamlet as a Tragic Hero :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet as a Tragic Hero William Shakespeare, the greatest playwright of the English language, wrote a total of 37 plays in his lifetime, all of which can be categorized under tragedy, comedy, or history. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Shakespeare's most popular and greatest tragedy, displays his genius as a playwright, as literary critics and academic commentators have found an unusual number of themes and literary techniques present in Hamlet. Hamlet concerns the murder of the king of Denmark and the murdered king's son's quest for revenge. Its main character, Hamlet, possesses a tragic flaw which obstructs his desire for revenge and ultimately brings about his death. This tragic flaw makes him a tragic hero, a character who is destroyed because of a major weakness, as his death at the end could possibly have been avoided were it not for his tragic flaw. Hamlet's flaw of irresolution, the uncertainty on how to act or proceed, is shown when Hamlet sees a play and the passion the actors had, after Hamlet's third soliloquy, in Hamlet's fourth soliloquy, and in Hamlet's indecisive pursuit in avenging his father's death. First, Hamlet's flaw of irresolution is shown when he sees a play and the passion one particular actor had. A group of players has arrived and Hamlet arranges a personal viewing of The Murder of Gonzago with a small portion of his own lines inserted. Hamlet then observes one portion of the play in which one of the players put on a great display of emotion. Hamlet, besieged by guilt and self-contempt, remarks in his second soliloquy of Hamlet of the emotion this player showed despite the fact that the player had nothing to be emotional about. Hamlet observed that he himself had all the reason in the world to react with great emotion and sorrow, yet he failed to show any that could compare with the act of the player. Hamlet calls himself a "rogue and peasant slave" and a "dull and muddy-mettled rascal" who, like a "John-a-dreams", can take no action. Hamlet continues his fiery speech by degrading himself and resoluting to take some sort of action to revenge his father's death. Next, Hamlet's flaw of irresolution is shown after his third soliloquy, the famed "To be or not to be†¦" lines. Hamlet directly identifies his own tragic flaw, remarking of his own inability to act. Hamlet, unsure whether or not the his uncle Claudius was responsible for his father's murder, schemes to have The Murder of Gonzago presented to the royal court, with a few minor changes, so its

Are all the characters in this novella lonely? Essay

In the 1930’s, American ranch workers were living in very lonely, dingy conditions. They would travel for days on end, sleeping rough when and where they had to. They would travel to work long hours for minimum wage. George and Lennie were no exception to this. From the beginning they have to sleep rough whilst they are travelling to Soledad, which also is also the Spanish word for â€Å"lonely†. We find out from the beginning that George and Lennie are complete opposites of each other. George is described as being smaller and slimmer than Lennie, who is very tall and big built. We also see that Lennie tries to copy George a lot, as they both wear the same clothing, and carry their gear in the same way. â€Å"They had walked in single file down the path, and even it the open one stayed behind the other.† This quotation is important because this shows us that Lennie follows George as if he was his mother. This also shows us that Lennie isn’t capable of thinking for himself, so he has to rely on George, being his mother figure, to do everything for him. We can see that George can easily lose his temper with Lennie, when Lennie refuses to get rid of the dead mouse in his pocket. â€Å"George stood up and threw the mouse as far as he could†¦/ don’t you think I could see your feet was wet where you went across the river to get it?† In chapter two, the unequal relationship between the stable buck and the rest of the ranch workers when Candy talks to George; â€Å"He was sure burned when you weren’t here this morning†¦/ An’ he gave the stable buck hell, too.† When the boss gets angry, he takes it out on the stable buck, as he cannot defend himself, partly because of his crooked spine, but also because if he did fight back, then the boss would probably have him killed because of the ethnic differences. In chapter four, the first reasons for Crooks’ loneliness show through. Firstly, he does not sleep with the other ranch workers; he sleeps inside the harness room by himself. The only things he has inside his ‘room’ are â€Å"a mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905†, and â€Å"a tattered dictionary†. The California civil code in his room shows us that he has been educated in his youth, and that he also knows his personal rights. The dictionary in his room shows us that he has tried to understand every word in his California civil code. In this chapter, it is quite obvious that Curley’s wife is going to be lonely, as she is the only woman on the ranch. â€Å"Sat’iday night. Ever’ body out doin’ som’pin†¦/ an’ likin’ it because they ain’t nobody else.† This quotation speaks for itself really, as she is complaining about having to spend time with Lenny, Candy and Crooks. She has to speak with the â€Å"losers† of the ranch and like it because there is no-one else for her to talk to. Another reason why she is lonely is because of the way that Curley treats her. â€Å"Sure I gotta husban’. You all seen him†¦/ â€Å"Jus’ the ol’ one-two an’ he’ll go down†Ã¢â‚¬  She is telling us that Curley doesn’t care about her at all, and that she obviously doesn’t like the way that she’s being treated. In chapter 5, on page 100, Steinbeck creates a feeling of shock and quiet reflection through the shattering of their dream. â€Å"Before George answered, Candy dropped his head and looked down at the bay. He knew.† At the end of page 100, George quickly comes up with a plan. This creates a feeling of pace and action. This signifies the calm before the storm, in tune with the same technique the author had used earlier in the book before Lenny killed Curley’s wife, and at the very beginning of the book. In conclusion, it is quite clear that all the characters in this novella are lonely in their own way. George is lonely in the end after he kills Lenny, this parallels the shooting of Candy’s dog ~ both are shot to protect them from further pain. Candy loses his only companion when Carlson shoots his dog for the selfish reason that it smells. Curley’s wife is lonely throughout the novella until Lenny accidentally kills her, and at the end of chapter 4, Crooks returns to his old self, as he rejects Candy and the others. Crooks chooses to be lonely, however, as he feels safe by himself.

The Compensation Of Chief Executive Officers Essay

Introduction The compensation of chief executive officers and the methodology used to determine it has become a major topic of debate in the business world. Many people wonder not only why and how it has gotten to be so high, but also why it isn’t distributed amongst other major contributors inside the company, or even amongst the lower ranks of the workforce via an increase in wage rates. One of the more recent theories that provides an explanation to the increase in the pay of chief executive officers is the size of firms relative to earlier years in business development. Xavier Gabaix (2006, p. 50), states that his, â€Å"central equation predicts that a CEOs equilibrium pay is increasing with both the size of his firm and the size of the average firm in the economy.† This theory discusses largely that as the scope of the economy increases, it is only natural that CEOs be compensated at a higher rate. The reasoning behind this is that the CEOs are managing companies of higher value, and thus are in theory putting more work and effort into their companies as well. Based off this theory, it makes complete sense to do this. However, I have set out to see if I can discover any other concrete reasoning behind these often astronomical salaries, and if so, determine if this reasoning is useful in determining salaries across a wide range of industries and structures of very successful publicly traded companies. One of the main reasons I wanted to take a look at bothShow MoreRelatedChief Executive Officer Compensation in the Financial Industry1942 Words   |  8 Pages The issue of chief executive officer compensation is the subject of dilemma in the United States. This dilemma often triggers questions as to who decides what compensation is rewarded, as well as how compensation is rewarded. The government strongly resents the current pay-ration between CEOs and the average salary of American citizens. Since the financial crisis, people have shown their displeasure with the hefty compensation chief executive officers receives. But when stunning management failuresRead MoreCEO Waives Annual Bonus1627 Words   |  7 Pagesone the leading supermarkets in the United Kingdom. The chain was founded in 1899 by William Morrison, with headquarters situated in Bradford, England. At the beginning of 2010, Dalton Philips was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the company. Since becoming the company’s Chief Executive, Dalton Philips has piloted Morrisons into various new business ventures geared towards the growth of profit. The company has introd uced e-commerce as a means of purchasing its goods and launched a series ofRead MoreA Conflict Of Interest Policy For The Board1618 Words   |  7 PagesHelp protect its Tax exempt status as the Board operates in a manner consistent with their charitable purpose, properly oversee the activities of its directors, and pays no more than reasonable compensation to affiliated physicians and other highly compensated employees like the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operations Officer’s. d) Identify Independent Directors. e) Fulfill part requirements for filing IRS form 990. f) Incorporate procedures for transactions with Directors in order to help avoidRead MoreU.s. Securities And Exchange Commission1660 Words   |  7 Pagesdebates over wages and compensation have been a growing topic of concern. Many people feel that they are entitled to earn more than they currently are. The comparison of executive wages and worker wages has created a backlash from the American public due to the extreme differences in pay. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission adopted the mandate by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act that requires public companies to release their chief executive officers pay in relationshipRead MoreTesla s Executive Compensation Policy1700 Words   |  7 Pages657 â€Å"Tesla’s Executive Compensation Policy†Ã‚ ¬ Edward E. Lalwer, a major contributor to theory, research, and practice in the fields of human resources management, compensation, organizational development, and organizational effectiveness, states an effective compensation system will support an organization s overall strategy as executive s impact many areas. Executive compensation is a business expense that should be reasonable and competitive because money spent on compensation is not availableRead MoreThe Ethics Behind A Ceo Making 600 Times More Than An Average Worker1440 Words   |  6 Pagesnowhere,† David Bonior (D-MI) has argued. Why is it that Chief Executive Officers of large companies are making upwards of 500 times more than their average worker? And why are some CEOs only making $1 per year in salary? This paper gives a forefront for different types of CEOs, including big box retail, technology, and mom-and-pop shops, and how their salaries affect those under them. Method The Facts Twenty years ago, Chief Executive Officers of companies only made approximately 35 times more thanRead MoreTop 10 Ceo in the World705 Words   |  3 PagesTop 10 CEO Highest Paid in Compensation as of 2011 1. Apple CEO Tim Cook was the highest-paid chief executive at a public U.S. company in 2011 with total compensation of $378 million. After becoming CEO in August 2011, Apple had record profits in the first quarter of $13.06 billion. Equilar, an executive compensation data firm, compiled a list of CEO pay of companies with revenue over $5 billion that filed annual proxy statements by March 30, 2012. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images) 2. OracleRead MoreHow An Employee Is Compensated855 Words   |  4 Pagestheir fellow coworkers and their ability to generate profit in addition to many other skills required for their position. When companies take into account all of these attributes how do they determine how much money employee should receive? Chief executive officers are responsible for a company’s success or failure, all responsibility is placed on their shoulders, so how much payment should CEO’s receive? According to entrepreneur.com an employee is an investment, â€Å"You never want to pay more than theRead MoreOverview of Bluescope Steel Company1093 Words   |  4 Pageswho include the Chairman, Deputy Chairman,  the Managing Director, Chief Executive Officer and six Non-Executive Directors. The company executive leadership team sees to the day-to-day administration of the company. Other executive team of the company is the Chief Executives of each region which the company is opera ting. For example, the company has a chief executive officer for Australia and New Zealand, and a Chief executive officer for Asia. Other management team is the President of BlueScope inRead MoreWhat Are The Best Practices For A Cio Policy Per The Irs? Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesis considered lower level employee? Issue #3: What are the best practices for a CIO policy per the IRS? Issue #4: Does our COI policy comply with these best practices? CONCLUSION: Issue #1: Lakewood’s current COI policy applies to any director, officer, member of a committee with board delegated powers or senior staff member with any direct or indirect financial interest in respect to any outreach or exempt function. Issue #2: The current CIO policy does not apply to any employees who are not considered

Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1431 Words

Mutability of Man Man changes all the time. His emotions, state in life, body figure and even peace of mind can change in a matter of moments. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, one of the themes expressed repeatedly is the mutability of the state of man. Victor Frankenstein emotions and states of life change many times in this novel. Mary Shelley uses Victor Frankenstein to show the audience that the only thing that does not change is the fact that human beings are always changing. Some of these changes come by impulse other changes may come by changes in the surrounding environment. One page 211, Mary Shelly shows Frankenstein as he is traveling through the Swiss Alps. The sight of such beauty and grandeur fill him with joy, but as soon as the sun sets, his cheerful and energetic nature is taken away as if his interior disposition are effected by the change in the environment: †¦as the sun declined towards the horizon, the wind died away into a gentle breeze and the sea became free from breakers. But these gave place to a heavy swell; I felt sick and hardly able to hold the rudder, when suddenly I saw a line of high land towards the south. Almost spent, as I was, by fatigue and the dreadful suspense I endured for several hours, this sudden certainty of life rushed like a flood of warm joy to my heart, and tears gushed from my eyes. How mutable are our feelings, and how strange is that clinging love we have of life even in the excess of misery (211). As the sun set we canShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1800s Mary Shelley set pen to a paper and started to develop a novel that little to her knowledge would become world renowned. In 1818 she finished and published the novel to sell to the European public. The novel caught the world off guard in the way that a female was able to write about such harsh, dark, and evil things in a European society whose authors like John Locke and Charles Montesquieu preached enlightenment, self exploration, and individualism all in an optimistic enablingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1615 Words   |  7 Pagesa whole and how accurate a depiction they might think it to be, they will miss out on many of the qualities of the painting that reside below the immediately apparent surface level. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a text dedicated to expounding upon the dangers of such superficial analysis. In Frankenstein, Mar y Shelley openly condemns the surface level and appearance oriented methodology under which the human mind operates. The very protagonist of the novel is inspired solely by reputation and howRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1758 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein was published over 200 years ago. Ever since it was published, it has been one of the most famous books known to literature. History.com Staff states that this book, by 21-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, is frequently called the world’s first science fiction novel (History.com Staff). According to Wikipedia, Shelley was an English novelist. She was born August 30th, 1797. She died on February 1st, 1951 (Wikipedia). Shelley came up with the idea of Frankenstein as she andRead MoreBiblical Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1376 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature 16 November 2015 Biblical Analysis: Frankenstein Frankenstein by Mary Shelley often refers to the bible on a number of occasions. However, it is worth noting that many references used by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein can often be identified in Genesis. Much like Genesis, the story of Frankenstein is a viable creation story. The book of Genesis first explains the creation of man and woman, and also recounts the fall of humanity. Unlike Genesis, Frankenstein begins with the fall of humanityRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Frankenstein1410 Words   |  6 Pagescompassion and sympathy through the love of a person whom cares very deeply about them. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the three main characters Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein and Frankenstein (The Monster) are shown throughout the story, longing and in search for a companion. Throughout the story, the characters struggle with the battle of wanting either sympathy or compassion from a person or both. Mary Shelley shows the true indication of Human Nature by showing the importance of sympathy andRead MoreAnalysis of Mary Shelley ´s Frankenstein991 Words   |  4 Pagesalive. If it can learn, eventually speak, or came about because of another, it’s a person. The Creature of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is no exception. Victor’s creation needs nourishment, education, and morals, which should be provided by it’s creator, it’s parent, just like any other child. The way that needs of an individual are met shapes the outcome of their life. In her novel, Shelley demonstrates this impact that parents have on their child’s life through the contrasting upbringing of VictorRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1701 Words   |  7 Pages Frankenstein is a novel that is practically devoid of any female presence, yet author Mary Shelley pens a story that is lush with portrayals of feminine ideology. Throughout the course of this novel, the audience is introduced to three different female characters. The first is Elizabeth Lavenza— Victor Frankenstein’s wife. She is presented as a passive and weak woman who embodies the traditional role of women in the 19th century. Caroline Beaufort is present in the novel, but her role is limitedRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1038 Words   |  5 PagesAlexi Torres English III Dr. W.W. Allman December 1, 2015 Frankenstein In Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein, she shows that good people can turn evil, but are not born this way. Humans being rude and isolating someone can make a person go insane and do things they are not proud of. Shelley shows this through the creature that Frankenstein creates and gives examples showing his evilness, but also shows that the creature tries to explain many times that he wants a friend and cannot find one becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1088 Words   |  5 PagesCreature’s Argument In the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the Creature s only need is for a female companion, which he asks Victor Frankenstein his maker to create. Shelley shows the argument between the creature and Frankenstein. The creature says: I demand a creature of another sex, but as hideous as myself (Shelley 139). Shelley shows what the creature wants from Frankenstein and what his needs are. Shelley gives us an idea of the sympathy that Frankenstein might feel for the creature evenRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wretch Frankenstein is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley about a peculiar scientist named Victor Frankenstein. Victor, who is a scientist endeavoring to make history, engenders a monstrous but attentive creature in an eccentric scientific experiment. The monster that he engenders faces abnegation and fear from his creator and society. The monster is the worst kind of scientific experiment gone awry. The creature has compassion for society but additionally wants to take revenge on

The Tyger Poem Review and Analysis - 668 Words

William Blake, one of the infamous English romantic poets, is most known for his romantic views on conventional scenes and objects, which were presented in his works The Songs of Innocence and The Songs of Experience. The first collection was published in 1789, and addresses subjects such as suffering and death from the innocent and optimistic perspective of a child. The later collection addresses these same issues, but is told from the perspective of an experienced bard. The poems contained in The Songs of Innocence often have a counter part in the second collection that reflects a darker or more corrupted take on the same subject. For example, the purity presented in the creation of â€Å"The Lamb† is dramatically contrasted with its†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Tyger† consists entirely of unanswered questions, which are used to leave the reader in awe of intricacy of creation, the limitless strength of God’s power, and the incomprehensibility of hi s choices. The sense of doubt in this poem involves an acknowledgement of what is unexplainable in the universe, as Blake presents the tiger’s violent nature as the prime example of something that cannot be denied, but can not be easily dismissed, either. The curiosity and awe of the author presented in â€Å"The Tyger† juxtaposes with the easy certainty of a child’s faith â€Å"The Lamb†. Blake asks these rhetorical questions to his readers in hopes encouraging them to question the pure and innocent side of creation they have come to know and join him in trying to understand why God would create something violent and destructive as well as something beautiful and innocent like the lamb. The blacksmith referenced in The Tyger represents a traditional image of artistic creation; here Blake applies it to the divine creation of the natural world. The â€Å"forging† of the tiger suggests a very physical, laborious, and deliberate kind of making; it emphasizes the awesome physical presence of the tiger and precludes the idea that such a creation could have been in any way accidentally or haphazardly produced. It also continuesShow MoreRelated Creating Blakes Tyger Essay3597 Words   |  15 PagesCreating Blake’s â€Å"Tyger† The Eighteenth-century British Romantic, William Blake, was an accomplished painter, engraver, and illustrator during his lifetime, but is best remembered for his poetry. Though Blake’s genius was generally dismissed by the public of his own era and he died with little acclaim, he has since been regarded as one of the greatest figures of the Romantic Movement. Whether with paint or pen, Blake is renowned for his ability to create works of art which, overRead MoreSongs of Good and Evil1545 Words   |  7 Pagespublished his first collections of poems, Poetical Sketches, which Blake wrote over a period of fourteen years (William Blake Biography). In August 1782 Blake married Catherine Boucher, with whom he fell in love at first sight (Encyclopedia of World Biography). Blake taught Catherine to read and write, and she later became his assistant. Blake wrote Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience in 1794. With the help of his wife, Catherine, Blake hand-engraved his poems and paintings on a bronze boardRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagesspecific subjects. Two of his poems in particular have been widely critiqued and viewed in various lights. â€Å"The Tyger,† written in 1774, and â€Å"The Lamb,† written five years later in 1789, are considered companion poems due to their similar humanistic topic and stark differences of each other. Through the use of specific titillation and use of rhetorical questioning, Blake sets up an ultimatum between the two poems, creating the illusion that each creature in the poems may have different creators. InRead MoreWilliam Blake And The Divine Image Essay2209 Words   |  9 Pagesworld. His devotion to God expresses through his lyrical poetry collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. This collection contains 51 poe ms where the poems of Innocence are counter part of the poems of Experience. ‘The Lamb’, ‘The Divine Image’ and are poems from Songs of Innocence and ‘The Tyger’, ‘The Sick Rose’ and ‘The Human Abstract’ are poems from Songs of Experience. Blake’s poetry can easily be interpreted by the theory of New Criticism that attempts to treat each work as its own

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Essay Example For Students

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Essay Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a high-speed transmission protocol inwhich data blocks are broken into small cells that are transmitted individuallyand possibly via different routes in a manner similar to packet-switchingtechnology. In other words, it is a form of data transmission that allowsvoice, video and data to be sent along the same network. In the past, voice,video and data were transferred using separate networks: voice traffic over thephone, video over cable networks and data over an internetwork. ATM is a cell-switching and multiplexing technology designed to be a fast, general purposetransfer mode for multiple services. It is asynchronous because cells are nottransferred periodically. Cells are given time slots on demand. What seperatesATMs is its capability to support multimedia and integrate these services alongwith data over a signal type of transmission method. The ATM cell is the dataunit used to transmit the data. The data is broken into 48-byte data packets for transmission. Five bytes of control data are appended to the 48-byte datapackets, forming a 53-byte transmission frame. These frames are then transmittedto the recipient, where the 5-byte control data (or Header) is removed and themessage is put back together for use by the system In an ATM network, all datais switched and multiplexed in these cells. Each ATM cell sent into the networkcontains addressing information that achieves a virtual connection fromorigination to destination. All cells are then transferred, in sequence, overthis virtual connection. Asynchronous Transfer Mode: The header includesinformation about the contents of the payload and about the method oftransmission. The header contains only 5 octets. It was shortened as much aspossible, containing the minimum address and control functions for a workingsystem. The sections in the header are a series of bits which are recognized andprocessed by the ATM layer. Sections included in the header are Generic FlowControl (GFC ), Cell Loss Priority (CLP), Payload Type, Header Error Control, theVirtual Path Identifier and the Virtual Channel Identifier. The Header is theinformation field that contains the revenue bearing payload. A GFC is a 4-bitfield intended to support simple implementations of multiplexing. The GFC isintended to support flow control. The CLP bit is a 1-bit field that indicatesthe loss priority of an individual cell. Cells are assigned a binary code toindicate either high or low priority. A cell loss priority value of zeroindicates that the cell contents are of high priority. High priority cells areleast likely to be discarded during periods of congestion. Those cells with ahigh priority will only be discarded after all low priority cells have beendiscarded. Cell loss is more detrimental to data transmission than it is tovoice or video transmission. Cell loss in data transmission results in corruptedfiles. The Payload Type section is a 3-bit field that discriminates between acell payload carrying user data or one carrying management information. Userdata is data of any traffic type that has been packaged into an ATM cell. Anexample of management Asynchronous Transfer Mode: information is informationinvolved in call set-up. This section also notes whether the cell experiencedcongestion. The Header Error Control field consists of error checking bits. TheHeader Error Control field is an 8-bit Cyclic Redundancy Code to check forsingle bit and some multi-bit errors. It provides error checking of the headerfor use by the Transmission Convergence (TC) sublayer of the Physical layer. TheVirtual Path Identifier in the cell header identifies a bundle of one or moreVCs(virtual channels).The Birtual Channel Identifier (VCI) in the cel headeridentifies a single VC on a paricular Virtual Path. The path is divided intochannels. The choice of the 48 byte payload was made as a compromise toaccommodate multiple forms of traffic. The two candidate payload sizes wereinitially 32 and 6 4 bytes. The size of the cell has and effect on bothtransmission efficiency and packetization delay. A long payload is moreefficient than a small payload since, with a large payload, more data can betransmitted per cell with the same amount of overhead (header). For datatransmission alone, a large payload is desirable. The longer the payload is,however, the more time is spent packaging. Certain traffic types are sensitiveto time such as voice. If packaging time is too long, and the cells are not sentoff quickly, the quality of the voice transmission will decrease. The 48 bytepayload size was the result of a compromise that had to be reached between the64 byte payload which would provide efficient data transfer but poor qualityvoice and the 32 byte payload which could Asynchronous Transfer Mode: transmitvoice without echo but provided inefficient data transfer. The 48 byte payloadsize allows ATM to carry multiple forms of traffic. Both time-sensitive traffic(voice) and time-insensiti ve traffic can be carried with the best possiblebalance between efficiency and packetization delay. ATM Advantages: 1. ATMsupports voice, video and data allowing multimedia and mixed services over asingle network. 2. High evolution potential, works with existing, legacytechnologies 3. Provides the best multiple service support 4. Supports delayclose to that of dedicated services 5. QoS (Quality of Service)classes 6. .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d , .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d .postImageUrl , .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d , .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d:hover , .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d:visited , .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d:active { border:0!important; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d:active , .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3aad03b78244c7701c849776e731e28d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken Essay Provides the capability to support both connection-oriented and connectionlesstraffic using AALs(ATM Adaptation Layers) 7. Able to use all common physicaltransmission paths (DS1,SONET) 8. Cable can be twisted-pair, coaxial orfiber-optic 9. Ability to connect LAN to WAN 10. Legacy LAN emulation 11. Efficient bandwidth use by statistical multiplexing 12. Scalability 13. Higheraggregate bandwidth 14. High speed Mbps and possibly Gbps Asynchronous TransferMode: ATM disadvantages: 1. Flexible to efficiencys expense, at present, forany one application it is usually possible to find a more optimized 2. Technology 3. Cost, although it will decrease with time 4. New customer premiseshardware and software are required 5. Competition from other technologies -100Mbps FDDI, 100 Mbps Ethernet and fast ethernet 6. Presently the applicationsthat can benefit from ATM such as multimedia are rare 7. The wait, with all thepromise of ATMs capabilities many details are still in the standards processAsynchronous Transfer Mode: Bibliography1. Freeman, Roger L. ((1996). Telecommunication System Engineering: ThirdEdition. City: New York, John Wiley Sons, INC. 2. Spohn, Darren L. (1997). Data Network Design. City: McGraw-Hill Company. 3. Taylor, D. Edgar (1995). TheMcGraw-Hill Internetworking Handbook. City: New York, McGraw-Hill Company. Internet: 1. Quigley, David (1997). A Technical View of ATMs. online,Available: http://www.mathcs.carleton.edu/students/quigleyd/atmtech.html. Computers

The Effect Of Divorce On Sons Aggression Essays - Criminology

The Effect Of Divorce On Sons Aggression The Effect of Divorce on Sons Aggression The divorce rate has dramatically and progressively increased in recent years (Bridgeman Lowen & Mill, 1998). Many literatures have cited the varied effects of divorce on children. The most significant findings are affective (Carry, 1989) and behavioral (Wright, 1984) disturbances. Particularly, boys have been observed to be prone to anger (Pieri, 1985). Wilson and Ruth (1985) have speculated that the increase of behavior disorders and juvenile delinquency can be attributed, in part, to the increasing divorce rate. In their study of 300 juvenile delinquent boys, Cook and Turner (1978) noted a divorce rate among parents that was significantly higher than in a non-delinquent group of comparable age and socio-economic status. Absenteeism and referrals for disciplinary action were more frequent in a sample of Minnesota junior high school students whose parent were divorced than in a sample of students from unbroken families. (Zuk, 1987) Clinical theorists have presented a convincing rationale for these findings. Pieri (1985) has pointed out that the breakdown of the nuclear family and, as is typical, the departure of the father from the family, leads to anger stemming from the change in family status, disruption of secure routines, blame casting, depression, and economic stresses. Boys, who are apt to be more closely identified with the father, are more likely to display anger in the form of aggressive acting-out behavior (Wright, 1984). It is important that these clinical observations and theoretical formulations are subjected to more rigorous scientific assessment. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that boys of divorced parents are prone to anger, thereby providing research support for existing theoretical formulations. This investigation aims to offer experimental confirmation of the idea that anger is a distinguishing characteristic of boys of divorced parents. Bibliography Reference Bridgeman, W. N., & Alvon, K. C. (1991). Marriage and divorce. Family Studies, 16, 133-150. Lowen, B. G., & Mill, A. (1998). Separation and divorce in contemporary society. Marriage Studies, 5, 145-152. Carry, L. (1989). The impact of divorce on families. Journal of Psychology, 198, 80-90. Wright, P. (1984). Behavioral consequences of divorce. Journal of Social Psychiatry, 9, 130-138. Pieri. T. H. (1985). Sex differences in emotional expression. Journal of Psychology, 175, 81-88. Wilson, F., & Ruth, K. (1985). Inquiry into the causes of juvenile delinquency. Delinquency Quarterly, 18, 145-156. Cook. Y. K., & Turner, C. (1978). Abandonment, divorce, and delinquency. Delinquency Quarterly, 5, 15-30. Zuk, O. (1987). The effect of divorce on school performance. Journal of Childhood Psychology, 6, 290-299.